Our data also suggested that breast cancer and other types of cancer (e.g., B16F10, MC38, ID8) may employ a similar mechanism to promote lung-tropic metastatic dissemination as their subpopulations migrating towards S100A8/A9, a cytokine that predetermined lung metastasis in multiple cancers25, shared a similar gene expression pattern. Here, S100A8 is linked to breast carcinoma.