CHAC1 and neoplasm: To further clarify the contribution of CHAC1 on the therapeutic efficacy of mono-immunotherapy, we treated CHAC1 wildtype or deficient B16F10 tumor-bearing mice with anti-PD-1 antibody and found CHAC1 loss in tumor cells caused resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy, revealed by both increased tumor volume (Fig. 7c and Supplementary Fig. 7a) and tumor weight (Fig. 7d, e).