In addition, SC144@HABN triggered apoptosis and ICD of tumor cells, while encapsulation of SC144 within HABN shielded CD8+ T-cells from SC144-mediated cytotoxicity (Fig. 2f–l, Supplementary Figs. 13–17), potentially due to the cytoprotective activity of HABN38. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.