A recent publication shows that in CRC mouse models, the use of anti CSF1R treatment spares a subpopulation of macrophages characterized by the expression of Cd274 (PD-L1), Vegfa, Hilpda, Bhlhe40, Mmp12, Cebpb, Hmox1 among others.31 Given that all of these genes are among the immune suppressive and vasculogenic molecules that seem to be strongly downregulated by adenosine inhibition and our data show a reduction of some subpopulation of PD-L1+ macrophages, we can speculate that adenosine inhibition could potentially target these populations of pro-angiogenic, immune suppressive macrophages. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.