Unsurprisingly, our RBC‐Nanovaccines promoted the secretion of polyfunctional IFN‐γ and TNF‐α from neoantigen‐specific T cells during treatment (Fig 5J and K), which has been reported to be not always beneficial for antitumor treatment, and in some cases, also contribute to a feedback loop of PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression (Appendix Fig S21) to mediate immune escape of cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.