Recently, with the development of the emerging immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), have been approved for a variety of cancers, including HCC.3, 4, 5, 6. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.