AR and posterior cortical atrophy: By investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological effect of these risk SNPs, previous studies including ours suggest that these SNPs may affect gene regulation by modulating the binding of key transcription factors such as HOXB13, AR, and the most frequent PCa-specific fusion protein TMPRSS2-ERG [40, 41, 103] as well as the influence of genetic variants on transcription factor DNA-binding in other types of diseases [89, 104].