To assess clinical impact of these findings, we computed TGFβ signaling scores across multiple independent PCa cohorts and showed that the expression levels of GATA2 and SMAD4 greatly correlated with TGFβ signaling activity in human PCa tumors (Fig. 5n-q and Fig. S5h), further strengthening that GATA2 is cooperative with SMAD4 to potentiate TGFβ1 signaling in PCa cells possibly in the clinical settings. Here, SMAD4 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.