AKT1 and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: Along this line, Hodakoski et al. recently reported that lung cancer cells exploit Rac-mediated micropinocytosis of extracellular proteins to survive states of glucose deprivation [52], and another study reported that human pancreatic carcinoma tumor samples, which are poorly vascularized and have decreased glucose levels, undergo high rates of micropinocytosis to maintain adequate intracellular amino acid levels [13].