For example, among the top three exclusively mutated gene pairs are BRAF and NRAS in skin cutaneous melanoma (p = 1.1 × 10–44), KIT and PDGFRA in gastrointestinal stromal tumour (p = 3.3 × 10–37), and EGFR and KRAS in lung adenocarcinoma (p = 6.6 × 10–29) (Fig. 4c). Here, NRAS is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.