For instance, only two known cancer genes were found to be mutated in over 5% of thymomas (MUC16 and HRAS), testicular germ cell tumours (KRAS and KIT), and thyroid carcinomas (BRAF and NRAS) (Fig. 1c, Supplementary Fig. 2, and Supplementary Data 1). This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and childhood testicular germ cell tumor.