For example, in the case of some of the most studied genes in cancer41,42, we found that patients with tumours that harbour mutations in both KRAS and TP53 (p = 1.76 × 10–37) or CDKN1A and TP53 (p = 1.99 × 10–35) tended to exhibit worse survival outcomes than those with tumours in which one or none of these genes are mutated (Fig. 5b and 5c, see Supplementary Data 3). Here, TP53 is linked to neoplasm.