SPHK1 and brain ischemia: In summary, apart from mTOR, AMPK and NLRP3, other signals, such as Sphk1, DJ-1, LRRK2 could modulate autophagy to participate in microglia polarization as well as inflammatory mediators’ production, thus affecting neuroinflammatory processes in cerebral ischemia, AD, TBI and other CNS diseases.