The vast majority of patients (n = 894,275, 76.7%) not associated with any BPH-related prescription defined the control group while the remaining n = 271,840 patients who met adequate time of exposure were associated with 5-ARi (n = 24,036, 8.8%), α-B (n = 140,718, 51.8%) or the combination of both (n = 107,086, 39.4%). This evidence concerns the gene PPIB and benign prostatic hyperplasia.