HPSE and neoplasm: For example, while heparanase induces VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C142 expression and promotes angiogenesis, Hpa2 attenuates the expression of VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C and decreases tumor vascularity106; whereas heparanase attenuates cell differentiation and promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT),172, 173 Hpa2 increases cell differentiation.106, 111