Several biomarkers have been suggested for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Lens culinaris-agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3), protein induced by vitamin K absence orantagonist-II (PIVKA-II), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and others (53). The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.