VEGFA and disease of the tendon: Han et al. (2017) designed an in vitro experiment that demonstrates that TNF-α has the function of inhibiting TSC proliferation and tendonogenic differentiation. However, the combination of TNF-α with TGF-β1 can promote proliferation and tendonogenic differentiation of TSCs. Moreover, IL-10, IL-4, IL-33, IL-18, TGF-β, VEGF, COX-2, PGE 2, and other cytokines have important regulatory effects on inflammatory progression and the tissue repair process in tendinopathy (Tang et al., 2018; Chisari et al., 2019; Arvind and Huang, 2021; Chisari et al., 2021) (Table 3).