ALB and anemia (phenotype): Kato et al. studied the association between serum albumin concentrations and 1-year adverse outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure patients and found that increased serum albumin concentrations were significantly associated with a lower risk of death or hospitalization due to heart failure (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.69-0.90, P < 0.001) after adjusting for baseline albumin concentrations, anaemia, age, eGFR, BMI, NYHA and history of diabetes mellitus (46).