CD4 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: While T-cell activation was comparable on baseline between healthy controls and ALS patients, we found a significant increase of HLA-DR-expressing T cells in ALS, affecting both CD4+ and CD8+ cells, upon culturing and expansion of T cell for 14 days in vitro with IL-2 (20 ng/mL) (Figures 2A, B, n=9/9; Supplementary Table 2).