it was reported decreased expression of ATF3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CVID patients, and PBMC from CVID patients had impaired anti-inflammatory effects of HDL in these cells, suggesting that attenuated HDL-AFT3 interaction could contribute to systemic inflammation in CVID (40) (Figure 2A). The gene discussed is ATF3; the disease is common variable immunodeficiency.