Further studies should also explore potential therapeutic options that could attenuate the pathogenic loop between inflammation and metabolic disturbances, such as more targeted anti-inflammatory or immune modulating therapy like inhibition of the NLRP-3 inflammasome by IL-1 inhibition, lipid modulating drugs such as ApoA-1 mimetics, cholesteryl transfer protein inhibitors, statins or diet interventions targeting the gut microbial dysbiosis in CVID. Here, APOA1 is linked to common variable immunodeficiency.