To evaluate the EGFR-restricted co-stimulation of T cells by CD27xEGFR, the carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231, ES-2, DLD-1, and FaDu were engineered to express a UchtV1 anti-CD3 antibody fragment (scFvCD3) on their surface, which enabled activation of TCR signaling in allogeneic T cells independent of MHC presentation (Figure 3A). Here, HLA-C is linked to carcinoma.