Several studies have reported that the variations in mtND1/2/3/4/4L/5/6 lead to different genetic diseases in humans [40–43], such as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Leigh syndrome, and myocardial mitochondrial disease, indicating that these proteins play a critical role in maintaining the normal homeostasis of an organism. The gene discussed is MT-ND1; the disease is Leigh syndrome.