The aptamer-PEI-siRNA nanoformulation was found to selectively and efficiently silence EpCAM expression and inhibit cell proliferation of MCF-7 and WERI-Rb1 cells.225 Moreover, paclitaxel-encapsulated PEG—PLA nanoparticles functionalized with tumor neovessels-targeting peptide (K237) and EpCAM aptamer (Ep23) were reported to simultaneously damage the primary tumor site, capture and kill circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which frequently overexpress EpCAM on the surface, in a 4T1 cell-derived lung metastasis mouse model.226. Here, EPCAM is linked to neoplasm.