The aptamer-modified nanoparticles showed enhanced cellular internalization and cytotoxicity in EpCAM-positive colon cancer cells compared to DOX-loaded non-targeted nanoparticles.224 Another study used an EpCAM aptamer-functionalized PEI nanocomplex for target the delivery of EpCAM siRNA to EpCAM-overexpressing cancer cells. Here, EPCAM is linked to cancer.