TLR3 and viral infectious disease: Research has demonstrated that TRIF plays a crucial role in the TLR3-mediated signaling pathways that are involved in the protection of mammalian hosts against viral infections.38 TRIF can mediate necrosis via RIP3 and MLKL.39 Therefore, TLR3 may mediate inflammation through the TRIF/RIP3/MLKL pathway.