TLRs, the first line of defense, have been demonstrated to initiate the proinflammatory immune response by recognizing DAMPs and PAMPs.10 Increased evidence has shown that they can also mediate neuroinflammation in the CNS, thus contributing to the development of cognitive impairment.13 Of note, TLR3 has been demonstrated to promote neuropathic pain in the rat SNL model.31 Additionally, TLR3 can cause varying degrees of dysfunction in the CNS and play an important role in the development of cognitive impairment after anesthesia and surgical operation. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is Cognitive impairment.