CD8+ effector T cells, the most common group of effector T‐cells in injured liver, promote inflammation by releasing cytokines and chemokines that recruit other immune cells to the site of infection or tissue damage.[64, 65, 66] These effector T‐cells also directly kill infected or damaged cells through releasing cytotoxic molecules, such as perforin and granzymes. This evidence concerns the gene PRF1 and infection.