IL6 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: This contrasts previous studies that found that the association between the DII and cardiovascular disease and interleukin-6 was stronger or only significant in participants with overweight or obesity but not in participants with normal weight.22,23 The differences in the results may suggest that obesity plays a role as an effect modifier of the association between dietary inflammation and cardiovascular disease but not in the association between dietary inflammation and T2DM.