To explore the effect of SPJ treatment on cytokine expression, we used real‐time PCR and observed that viral infection led to increased expression of cytokines and chemokines, including IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐10, IFN‐α, IFN‐β, and IFN‐γ, as well as CXCL‐2, CXCL‐10, CCL‐2, CCL‐3, and CCL‐5 (Fig. 6A–L). Here, TNF is linked to viral infectious disease.