Combined with the results of PPI network analysis, PTGS2, EGFR, AKT1, ESR1, CASP3, MMP9, IL6, VEGFA, TNF, TP53, and HSP90AA1 may be the key targets of THSWD in the treatment of varicocele-associated male infertility. Here, HSP90AA1 is linked to male infertility.