PTEN and varicocele: The node whose degree were greater than the average value were AKT1 (37), TNF (37), ALB (37), TP53 (36), VEGFA (36), IL6 (35), HIF1A (34),CASP3 (33), ESR1 (33), CAT (32), PTGS2 (32), HSP90AA1 (31), EGFR (30), MTOR (30), PTEN (30), HMOX1 (28), NOS3 (28), CASP8 (28), MMP9 (27), CASP9 (24), and SOD1 (23) (Fig. 3B), which may play an important role in the treatment of THSWD with varicocele-associated male infertility.