Combined with the results of PPI network analysis, PTGS2, EGFR, AKT1, ESR1, CASP3, MMP9, IL6, VEGFA, TNF, TP53, and HSP90AA1 may be the key targets of THSWD in the treatment of varicocele-associated male infertility. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and male infertility.