TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: In another similar study, most of the CMV-DNA PCR-positive tissue patients (76.4%) had pancolitis and left-sided colitis (23.5%).[15] Studies have reported that the risk factors for IBD patients with CMV colitis include being 30 years or older and being refractory to immunosuppressive treatments such as corticosteroids or anti-TNF immunomodulatory therapy.[13,16] In the present study, the median age of the patients was 42 years, and most of them (24/30, 80%) were aged 30 years or older.