The PFN1 and CFD concentrations measured in the validation study were significantly altered in patients with TAA (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002, respectively) and AAA (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively) when compared with those in control patients with IA (Fig. 5A and B), verifying consistency with our data in the discovery study (Fig. 4A and B). This evidence concerns the gene PFN1 and triple-A syndrome.