In the context of trauma and sepsis, in principal, mesangial cells can respond to both DAMPs and MAMPs with the generation and release of various established inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)1β, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and thus may contribute to the inflammatory response not only locally but also systemically [12]. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is Sepsis.