TAMs in HCC can secrete various cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, CCL2, and CXCL10, promoting tumour cell proliferation and NF-κB-mediated protection against cancer cell apoptosis, which is associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.