In univariate regression, elderly, higher BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, interstitial lung disease, dyspnea symptom, palpitation symptom, anti-SRP antibody positivity, AMA-M2 positivity, elevated serum levels of LDH and cTnI (all p < 0.05) were all responsible for higher-grade HFA-PEFF score. Here, TNNI3 is linked to interstitial lung disease.