Moreover, LVM was greater in T2DM patients on insulin treatment than in those without insulin treatment, and LVM in both of these groups was greater than that in participants without T2DM (P < 0.001); the significant difference remained even when taking body size into account (DM on insulin: 92.7 ± 16.8 g/m2 vs. DM not on insulin: 83.5 ± 24.6 g/m2 vs. non-DM: 76.6 ± 20.7 g/m2; P = 0.005; Fig. 1). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.