INS and diabetes mellitus: As shown in Fig. 2, deterioration of the magnitude of LV global longitudinal PS was greatest in insulin-treated patients with T2DM, intermediate in non-insulin-treated patients with T2DM, and lowest in non-DM patients (DM on insulin: -4.2% ± 1.5% vs. DM not on insulin: -5.0% ± 2.2% vs. non-DM: -6.4% ± 2.4%; P < 0.001).