The current study shows that FES patients perceived higher stress than HCs; CSF1R level and PFC subregional size were decreased in the FES patients; CSF1R mRNA level was associated with shrinkage of the superior frontal gyrus in response to perceived stress in the HCs but not FES patients; Similar to CUS, CSF1Ri enhanced anxiety and downregulated angiogenesis in mice; The CSF1Ri preferentially eliminated VAMs and induced cytoarchitectural changes differently than the CUS in the mouse brain. Here, CSF1R is linked to Anxiety.