MTOR and cystic kidney disease: In ADPKD, signaling pathways activated in renal cysts by loss of PKD1 include many known to be activated and growth-promoting in cancer including WNT/CTNNB1, PI3K/AKT, mTOR/S6K, RAF/MEK/ERK, SRC, MYC, AURKA, and others [56, 64, 65].