HLA-S and Achalasia: Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between achalasia and controls showed the co-expression of many human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and upregulations of small ribosomal subunit (RPS) and large ribosomal subunit (RPL) genes in multiple myeloid cells (Fig. 2f and Supplementary Data 4), similar to activated microglia during nerve injury10,15.