IL1B and ulcerative colitis: Because C. albicans is one member of human gut microbiota but not one of mice (Liu et al. 2021b), it is possible that the suppression of DL on C. albicans growth, hyphal formation and candidalysin secretion (thus inhibiting IL-1β release) may contributed to its efficacy in ulcerative colitis in human or humanized mice that include C. albicans as a gut commensal fungus (Li et al. 2022).