Notably, most TWAS-identified genes did not show differential expression between the two groups, except for a higher expression of NEAT1 in fibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells in individuals with type 2 diabetes and a higher expression of HLA-DRB1 and ZNF34 in fibroblasts and T cells in individuals without diabetes (Fig. 3g). Here, HLA-DRB1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.