It includes a set of criteria: patient’s family history of early-onset cardiovascular disease in his first-degree relatives, personal history of cardiovascular disease, physical signs of hypercholesterolemia (tendinous xanthoma and/or arcus cornealis prior to age 45 years), circulating level of LDL-c, and positive DNA analysis for a genetic variant in LDLR (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol receptor), APOB (apolipoprotein B), or PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9) gene (4). The gene discussed is PCSK9; the disease is Hypercholesterolemia.