ABCB1 and diabetes mellitus: A previous study has shown that the ABC transporter family is associated with the development and progression of diabetes, dietary isoleucine can be absorbed through the intestine to bypass the hepatic first pass effect (Mann et al., 2021), while the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by the ABCB1 gene is mainly distributed in specific tissues such as the intestine, kidney, liver, and cerebrovascular endothelium, and the function and expression of P-GP are altered under diabetic conditions (Liu et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2008).