CD4 and neoplasm: A pro‐inflammatory tumor microenvironment characterized by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and T helper 1‐oriented CD4+ T cells infiltration is usually associated with improved clinical outcomes; by contrast, the immunosuppressive functions of Treg and immune checkpoint molecules such as Programmed Death‐Ligand 1 (PD‐L1) appear to play a major role in promoting tumor immune escape.12