DNAAF3 and primary ciliary dyskinesia: In zebrafish, DNAAF3 knockdown disrupts dynein assembly and abolishes motility of cilia, resulting in left–right axis patterning defect of embryo like PCD patients, suggesting that DNAAF3 may play an important role in cytoplasmic preassembly of axonemal dyneins for cilia motility.24, 32, 33