C-X-C motif (CXC) chemokines with an NH2-terminal Glu-Leu-Arg motif (eg., CXCL2, CXCL5 and CXCL8) facilitated the infiltration of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs), and were upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer with LKB1 inactivating mutations. Here, STK11 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.