IHC in 20 clinical specimens of colon and rectal cancer also verified the expressions of HMGB1 and CTSL (Fig. 5e) were higher in colon cancer than in paracancerous tissues, raising the necessity to determine the changes associated with HMGB1-mediated CTSL and autophagy-lysosome pathway. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and malignant colon neoplasm.