GFAP and Alzheimer disease: Notably, despite the small cohort size we observed statistically significant differences between the AD and MCD groups for GFAP [p = 0.002; AD: 216.3 (57.5–433.7) pg/ml versus MCD: 102.8 (30.5–161.3) pg/ml] and pTau-181 [p = 0.020; AD: 3.8 (1.2–11.7) pg/ml versus MCD: 1.9 (0.6–3.6) pg/ml], whereas no significant differences were seen for Aβ42/40-ratio (p = 0.266) or NfL (p = 0.140).