As cholesteatoma specimens have been shown to express proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)4, we examined whether the proinflammatory cytokines promote INHBA expression in fibroblasts. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cholesteatoma.