GWAS that implicate BNC2-associated alleles with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36) also implicate other ECM-associated genes and cytokines that we also find to be under BNC2 control in our breast cancer system (MATN1, MMP9, SOX9, IL-6 as examples) (35). This evidence concerns the gene MATN1 and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.