The highest median proportion of PD-1 + CD4 + or PD-1 + CD8 + T cells were found in patients with ILD (83.1% [IQR 72.1; 87.5] and 73.8% [IQR 60.3; 86.3]) followed by patients with lung cancer (66.4% [IQR 59; 69] and 77.1% [IQR 35.8; 82.3]) and patients with asthma (61.3% [IQR 57.4; 70.5] and 57.3% [IQR 46; 65]). Here, PDCD1 is linked to lung carcinoma.