Some of the CAKUT cases with associated malformations did reveal a pathogenic variant in WES (unilateral renal agenesis Hypomethylation C2; horseshoe kidney KMT2A; hydronephrosis FREM2, KANSL1; LUTO CHD7; renal hypoplasia GREBIL, POGZ). Here, FREM2 is linked to fetal lower urinary tract obstruction.