We analyzed the causes of renal interstitial fibrosis in these children, presumably because LPS in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacilli activated caspase-4/GSDMD non-typical pyroptosis in the renal tubular epithelium, leading to pyroptosis in the tubular epithelium and thus promoting renal interstitial inflammation, which exacerbated fibrosis. This evidence concerns the gene CASP4 and inflammation.