We analyzed the causes of renal interstitial fibrosis in these children, presumably because LPS in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacilli activated caspase-4/GSDMD non-typical pyroptosis in the renal tubular epithelium, leading to pyroptosis in the tubular epithelium and thus promoting renal interstitial inflammation, which exacerbated fibrosis. The gene discussed is CASP4; the disease is inflammatory response.