The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as the second line treatment for stage IV NSCLC patients following failure of first line EGFR-TKIs by retrospectively analyzing the clinicopathological features of patients with advanced NSCLC who were admitted to Changzheng Hospital (Shanghai, China) between January 2019 and January 2022, their progression survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and EGFR driver mutation. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.