Moreover, Somasagara et al. found that bitter melon juice decreased the viability of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2, which are crucial in the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer (Somasagara et al., 2015[34]). The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.