Second, Manoharan et al. indicated that the protein α, β momorcharin, isolated from M. charantia, reduced the viability of 1321N1 astrocytoma and U87-MG glioma cells by increasing apoptotic activity through a mechanism involving augmented caspase-3 and 9 expression and cytochrome c release (Manoharan et al., 2014[25]). The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).